STD (n=259)	MIPA (n=111)	p
Age (mean ± SD)	77.5± 5.1	76.0± 4.7	.006
Sex
Male	46.7%(121)	49.5%(55)	.617
Female	53.3%(138)	50.5%(56)
Previous Cardiac Surgery	36.3%(94)	22.5%(25)	.009
NYHA class III or IV	44.7%(116)	53.0%(59)	.171
Emergent	4.2%(11)	0%(0)	.040
Hemodynamics
Unstable	4.6%(12)	1.8%(2)	.191
Shock	0.8%(2)	0.9%(1)	.899
Operative Procedure
AV replacement	64.1%(166)	50.4%(56)	<.001
MV replacement	26.2%(68)	19.8%(22)
MV repair	9.7%(25)	29.7%(33)
Ejection fraction (mean± SD)	43.3 ± 19.0	53.0 ± 10.4	<.001
CHF this admission	42.1%(109)	33.3%(37)	.114
Renal failure (creatine >2.5 or dialysis)	9.6%(25)	4.5%(5)	.100
Cardiomegaly (>50% C-T ratio)	49.4%(128)	42.3%(47)	.211
>1 Previous MI	5.4%(14)	5.4%(6)	1.00
Stroke	6.2%(16)	6.3%(7)	.963
Hypertensive	45.6%(118)	66.7%(74)	<.001
Endocarditis (active)	4.2%(11)	3.6%(4)	.774
IV Nitro within 24 hrs. preop	0.8%(2)	2.7%(3)	.141
LV hypertrophy	52.9%(137)	48.6%(54)	.454
Aorto-iliac disease	8.5%(22)	8.1%(9)	.902
Femoral-popliteal disease	10.0%(26)	7.2%(8)	.388
Malignant ventricular arrhythmia	2.7%(7)	2.7%(3)	1.00
COPD	12.0%(31)	18.9%(21)	.078
Extensively calcified ascending aorta	14.7%(38)	22.5%(25)	.066
Diabetes mellitus requiring medication	9.3%(24)	9.0%(10)	.937

Table 1.

Comparison of the standard sternotomy (STD) and minimally invasive port access (MIPA) groups' preoperative characteristics.