ReferenceStroke	Year	No. of Patients	Stroke (%)	TIA/RIND (%)	Overall Mort. (%)	Stroke Mort. (%)	Preoperative Risk Factors
							RF	CVD	MI	PVD	DM	AGE	Ao	EF	HTN		CP
Jones	1984	5676	0.9									X	X
Gardner	1985	3279	1.7		3.7	23		X				X	X
Hise	1991	2029	1.5			17
Frye	1992	10098	1.9									X
Rizzo et al	1992	3012	1.4	0.4	4.0
Lynn	1992	1000	2.7	1.6							X		X
Rao	1995	3910	1.4		1.9	22		X		X	X	X
Roach	1996	2108	3.0	0.1	2.0	21		X				X	X
D'Agostino	1996	1835	2.5		2.2	13		X		X			X	X			X
Mickleborough	1996	1631	1.2	0.6	1.2	26		X	X	X		X	X	X
McKhann	1997	1776	3.9		3.2	19		X			X	X			X
Dashe	1997	1022	2.2					X
Mean		3114	2.0	0.7	2.6	20
Range		1000-10098	0.9-3.9	0.4-1.6	1.2-4.0	13-26
Present series	1998	4518	2.0	.7	2.6	22	X	X	X	X	X	X					X

Table 3.

Postoperative TIA/Stroke Studies following > 1000 Patients: Perioperative Events following CABG.

Abbreviations: Ao: Ascending aortic disease; CP: Chest pain/anginal symptoms; CVD: cerebral vascular disease (defined as any patient with previous CVA, TIA, or carotid stenosis); DM: diabetes mellitus; EF: Low ejection fraction; HTN: hypertension; Low cardiac output: use of an intra-aortic balloon pump or inotropes to keep CI> 2.0 L/min/m²; MI: myocardial infarction; PVD: (peripheral vascular disease): defined by history of claudication or prior peripheral bypass for occlusive arterial disease; RF: Renal failure; TIA/RIND: transient ischemic attacks and reversible ischemic neurologic deficits

Note: For complete citations of the aboved mentioned articles see the references section of the manuscript.